ESPID has not traditionally been a research organisation, but has focussed more on training and education. ESPID historically has also had a focus more on vaccine development and implementation. More recently, ESPID has become concerned about the development of antimicrobial resistance in children across Europe and also widespread use of off-label and off-patent prescribing of antimicrobials for children. ESPID has also set up a new venture called APEC (Antimicrobial Prescribing in European Children) supported by the EAP and based on EARSS and ESAC methodology to monitor and improve antimicrobial prescribing and to reduce antimicrobial resistance. ESPID has close collaboration with its members, who are the key opinion leaders in the management of childhood infections across Europe. All dissemination activities as laid out in work package 9 would be led by PENTA and disseminated through the ESPID network.